Horses, with their remarkable strength and endurance, have been our trusted companions for centuries. From the days of ancient civilizations, where they tirelessly carried us from one city to another, covering vast distances, to modern times, where they participate in races, transport heavy loads, and engage in various sports, these magnificent creatures have always played a significant role in our lives. Yet, despite their resilience, the topic of handling horse injuries and wound management remains a pressing concern.
In our contemporary world, horses find themselves in new roles, from the racetrack to carrying out various tasks, and even in competitive games. Their innate "Fight and Flight" response system, finely honed over countless generations, makes them particularly reactive to sudden changes in their environment. This heightened sensitivity can sometimes lead to unforeseen accidents and injuries, especially when horses are in unfamiliar surroundings, such as hospitals.
Caring for these magnificent animals demands a deep sense of responsibility and respect for their unique nature. Unlike many other creatures, you cannot compel a horse to do something against its will. In this blog, we will explore the vital aspects of horse injuries and wound management, shedding light on the importance of approaching these majestic beings with the utmost care and understanding.
Understanding Diverse Horse Activities and Their Injury Risks
Horse injuries can vary depending on the specific roles and activities in which these noble animals are engaged. Understanding when horses are most susceptible to injuries is crucial for their well-being and proper management.
Load-Bearing Horses: Horses tasked with carrying heavy loads, whether in agricultural settings, construction sites, or transportation, often face challenges, especially during adverse weather conditions. Slippery and wet grounds, prevalent during rainy seasons, increase the risk of injuries. The added weight of the cargo and the strain of uneven terrains can lead to slips, falls, and strains, causing injuries to these diligent equine workers.
Game Horses: Horses that participate in various sports and games, such as polo, rodeo, or show jumping, encounter a different set of injury risks. The nature of these activities involves sudden bursts of speed, sharp turns, and high-impact maneuvers. As a result, injuries frequently occur during these intense and demanding moments. The abrupt stops, quick changes in direction, and physical exertion place considerable stress on the horse's musculoskeletal system, making them susceptible to strains, sprains, and more.
Racing Horses: Thoroughbred and standardbred horses involved in racing events, such as horse racing, harness racing, or steeplechase, face a high risk of injuries. The intense speed and competitive nature of these races can result in strains, ligament injuries, fractures, and soft tissue damage.
Mounted Police Horses: Horses used in law enforcement, like mounted police units, often encounter potentially dangerous situations during crowd control, pursuit, and other duties. These horses can suffer from injuries related to crowd-related stress, accidents, or falls.
Therapy Horses: Equine-assisted therapy programs utilize horses to provide physical, emotional, and psychological therapy to individuals with disabilities. These horses are exposed to unique challenges, and their injuries may result from the interaction with clients, such as accidental kicks or bites.
Breeding Horses: Stallions and mares involved in breeding can experience injuries during the mating process or while protecting their young. These injuries can range from bites and kicks to reproductive tract injuries.
Each of these activities presents its own set of injury risks, which may include strains, sprains, fractures, soft tissue injuries, and more. Recognizing these specific risks is essential for the well-being of horses in each role, and tailoring injury prevention and management strategies accordingly is crucial to ensure their health and safety.
In essence, the type and frequency of injuries horses experience are closely tied to their specific roles and the demands placed upon them. Recognizing these risks is fundamental to their well-being, and addressing them appropriately involves tailoring injury prevention and management strategies to each unique situation. It is our responsibility, as caretakers and enthusiasts of these remarkable animals, to ensure their safety and health, no matter their chosen path or occupation.
Understanding the Variety of Common Horse Injuries and Their Treatment
Horses are versatile creatures, and their susceptibility to injuries greatly depends on their line of work. However, an intriguing commonality exists among these injuries - they predominantly affect the limbs rather than the upper body mass. This tendency can be attributed to the higher blood supply in the muscular mass of the limbs, which aids in the relatively rapid healing of such injuries.
Among the frequent types of injuries horses encounter are contusions, lacerations, and puncture wounds. Surprisingly, these injuries can manifest even during seemingly routine tasks like moving a horse within a confined stable, highlighting the importance of vigilance in their care.
When a horse does experience an injury, it becomes imperative to administer proper horse wound management, as overlooking this critical aspect can pose a significant threat to your equine companion, especially when the injuries are located in the lower limbs. In the following sections, we will delve deeper into these common horse injuries, exploring their causes, symptoms, and the essential steps to ensure the well-being and recovery of your beloved horse.
Contusions
Contusions, commonly known as bruises, occur when the horse's skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to blunt force trauma or impact.
Treatment: Treatment for contusions typically involves rest and monitoring. You should examine the affected area for swelling, heat, or pain. Cold compresses can help reduce inflammation. If the bruise is extensive, consult with a veterinarian to rule out underlying fractures or complications.
Lacerations
Lacerations are deep cuts or tears in the horse's skin, often caused by sharp objects, fences, or accidents.
Treatment: Clean the wound with a mild antiseptic solution and assess the depth and severity of the laceration. Smaller wounds may be cleaned and sutured by a veterinarian. In the case of larger or jagged lacerations, a vet may need to debride the wound, stitch it, and provide antibiotics to prevent infection.
Puncture Wounds
Puncture wounds occur when sharp objects, like nails, thorns, or foreign bodies, penetrate the horse's skin and underlying tissues.
Treatment: These wounds can be deceptive, as the entry point might be small while the damage underneath can be significant. Clean the wound carefully and consult a veterinarian for evaluation. X-rays may be necessary to identify any foreign objects or fractures. Antibiotics are often prescribed to prevent infection.
Sprains and Strains
Sprains involve the stretching or tearing of ligaments, while strains affect muscles or tendons. These injuries typically result from overexertion or awkward movements.
Treatment: Rest is crucial for the healing of sprains and strains. In some cases, applying cold compresses during the initial stages can help reduce inflammation. More severe cases may require anti-inflammatory medications or physical therapy. Consult with a veterinarian to determine the extent of the injury and the appropriate treatment plan.
Fractures
Fractures occur when the horse's bones are broken, often due to trauma or falls.
Treatment: Fractures are severe injuries, and immediate veterinary attention is vital. Treatment can range from surgical intervention, including the use of pins or plates, to more conservative approaches such as casting or splinting, depending on the location and severity of the fracture.
It's important to note that any injury, regardless of its type, should be evaluated and treated by a qualified equine veterinarian. They can provide a proper diagnosis and tailored treatment plan to ensure the horse's swift and effective recovery. Additionally, proper wound care, infection prevention, and follow-up appointments are essential elements of the treatment process. Always consult with a professional when dealing with horse injuries to avoid complications and ensure your horse's well-being.
Why are muscular body injuries generally less severe than injuries affecting the hard connective tissues such as tendons, ligaments, bones, and joints in horses?
The answer lies in the contrasting vascular supply and regenerative capacity of these different tissue types.
Muscle tissue, characterized by its robust blood supply, possesses an inherent advantage when it comes to injury recovery. This rich vascular network ensures that muscles receive a constant flow of oxygen and essential nutrients, facilitating a swift response to trauma. In the event of an injury, the body can quickly dispatch inflammatory and healing cells to the affected area. This rapid immune and repair response contributes to the relatively speedy healing of muscular wounds, allowing the horse to bounce back more readily.
Conversely, hard connective tissues, such as tendons, ligaments, bones, and joints, do not enjoy the same luxury of a bountiful blood supply. This limited vascularity can hinder the transport of vital healing components to the injured site, causing a delay in the recovery process. In these regions, the absence of abundant inflammatory cells and healing factors can make the healing journey a protracted one, requiring more time and specialized care.
This stark contrast in healing potential underscores the critical importance of meticulous horse wound management, particularly in cases of injuries affecting the lower limb, where bones and joints are prevalent. Due to the reduced availability of natural healing mechanisms in these areas, effective veterinary intervention and attentive care are essential to ensure a successful recovery and the horse's long-term well-being. Understanding these distinctions empowers horse owners and caretakers to make informed decisions when managing injuries and underscores the necessity of early, expert intervention when addressing injuries to hard connective tissues in these magnificent animals.
Which horse injuries are lethal?
It's crucial to understand that certain horse injuries can prove to be not only debilitating but also life-threatening. Recognizing these potentially lethal injuries is essential for horse owners and caretakers, as swift and appropriate action is often the key to saving a horse's life. Here, we delve into some of the most critical and dangerous horse injuries:
Panic-Induced Injuries in Crushes
Clinical examinations or body scoring procedures often require restraining a horse inside a crush. However, when the available space is limited, it can lead to panic and distress in the horse. In such situations, horses may thrash about, potentially causing serious injuries to themselves. Ensuring a calm and secure environment during these procedures is vital to prevent such injuries.
Casting-Related Head Injuries
Casting in a stall refers to a situation where a horse becomes trapped after rolling over against the stall wall. This precarious scenario demands delicate handling, as it can have severe consequences. Among the primary risks inherent to casting is the potential for the horse's head to become trapped or positioned in an unnatural and dangerous manner. Head injuries, in such cases, pose an immediate and perilous threat. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that only well-trained professionals handle such situations with the expertise required to ensure the horse's safety and well-being.
Long Bone Fractures, especially Long Pastern Bones:
Long bone fractures, often resulting from kicks, falls, or traumatic impacts, are prevalent in horses. Fractures of long pastern bones, in particular, are not only painful but can also be life-threatening if not promptly and correctly managed. These injuries require immediate veterinary attention.
To ensure the well-being of horses, caretakers must maintain vigilance and expertise. Any injury, especially those involving the head or lower limbs, is considered an emergency. Delays in seeking professional veterinary care can exacerbate the situation. Timely intervention, thorough knowledge of horse handling, and a proactive approach to injury prevention are crucial in safeguarding these magnificent animals and ensuring their long, healthy lives.
Understanding the process of healing horse wounds:
A crucial aspect of effective horse wound management is gaining an understanding of the intricate process of wound healing. The process can be broken down into three key stages, each playing a vital role in the recovery and restoration of the injured area:
Inflammatory Phase: The initial phase of wound healing, known as the inflammatory phase, serves as the body's immediate response to an injury. When a horse sustains a wound, particularly a smaller one, the body takes swift action to halt any bleeding. This is accomplished through the formation of a blood clot, which acts as a natural bandage to seal the wound. Simultaneously, inflammatory cells, including white blood cells, rush to the site of the injury to combat potential pathogens or infections. This phase is essential not only for stopping bleeding but also for initiating the body's defense mechanisms to protect against further complications.
Proliferative Phase: Following the inflammatory phase, the wound enters the proliferative phase, a period focused on strengthening the injured area. During this stage, granulation tissues, composed of tiny blood vessels and connective tissue, begin to form. Fibroblasts, specialized cells responsible for producing collagen, become active. Collagen, a crucial structural protein, contributes to the wound's strength and durability. The proliferation of these tissues helps fill the wound and promotes the reestablishment of structural integrity.
Maturation Phase: The final phase of wound healing, the maturation phase, is when the wound gradually transforms into scar tissue. Over time, the tissues begin to regain their normal appearance and function. The newly formed scar tissue, while not identical to the original tissue, becomes stronger and more resilient. It may take months or even years for the wound to fully mature and reach its maximum strength.
Understanding these three distinct phases of wound healing is paramount for successful horse wound management. It allows horse owners and caretakers to monitor the progress of an injury, recognize potential complications, and provide the appropriate care at each stage of healing. In turn, this knowledge enables the best possible outcome for the horse, ensuring a smooth and efficient recovery process.
Effective Horse Wound Management: A Compassionate Approach
Having delved into the intricacies of horse injuries and the phases of wound healing, it's time to explore the art of horse wound management. When your equine companion is injured, it's essential to approach the situation with a steady hand, a calm demeanor, and a thorough understanding of how to care for their well-being. Here's a step-by-step guide to help you navigate this critical process:
Maintain Your Composure: The first and most crucial step is to remain calm. Your horse is in pain, and your emotional state can influence the situation. A calm and composed presence will not only benefit your horse but also facilitate effective wound management.
Assess the Wound: Carefully inspect the wound to determine its extent and severity. Use clean water to gently wash away any dirt or foreign debris from the affected area. It's essential to remove any potential sources of infection to promote proper healing.
Apply Antiseptic Measures: After cleaning the wound, apply an antiseptic cream or wash the area with an appropriate antiseptic solution. This helps to disinfect the wound and prevent infections. It's advisable to consult your veterinarian regarding the selection of the most suitable antiseptic for the specific wound.
Consider Antibiotics: Depending on the wound's nature and your vet's recommendation, you may need to apply antibiotic cream, even to open wounds. This can be instrumental in preventing or addressing any bacterial infections that may be a concern.
Decide on Wound Coverage: The decision to cover the wound or leave it open hinges on several factors. Some wounds heal more effectively when left exposed to air, while others benefit from being well-covered. If there is evidence of pus accumulation or persistent dirt, it's advisable to leave the wound uncovered and clean it daily.
Explore Specialized Wound Care Products: The market offers various wound care products designed specifically for managing horse wounds. Honey-based creams, for instance, have been recognized for their wound-healing properties and can be a valuable addition to your wound management toolkit. Consult your veterinarian for recommendations on such products.
Effective horse wound management is a combination of compassion, knowledge, and the right tools. By approaching the situation methodically and with care, you can significantly enhance your horse's chances of a successful recovery. Remember, consulting your veterinarian is crucial at various stages of wound management to ensure the best outcome for your beloved equine companion.
Empowering Horse Owners with Emergency First Aid Skills
In the world of horse care, being prepared for emergencies is essential. Horse owners should possess a basic understanding of emergency first aid to provide immediate care while waiting for a veterinarian. Here, we delve into critical first aid measures for various types of horse injuries, ensuring a timely and effective response:
Wound Cleaning and Disinfection
Start by gently cleaning the wound with a stream of clean water or a saline solution. This helps remove dirt and debris. Avoid using hydrogen peroxide or alcohol, as they can damage healthy tissue. Following the initial rinse, apply an appropriate antiseptic solution or cream to disinfect the wound and prevent infection.
Bandaging Techniques
Proper bandaging plays a crucial role in wound management. When bandaging a wound, it's vital to use sterile materials. Begin with a non-stick pad over the wound, followed by several layers of padding, and secure it with a conforming bandage. Ensure the bandage is not too tight, as this can impede circulation. Regularly check the bandage for signs of swelling or discomfort.
Medication Administration
In some cases, your veterinarian may prescribe medications to administer to your horse. Always follow the vet's instructions precisely. Common medications might include antibiotics, pain relievers, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Administer medications orally, via injection, or as topical applications, adhering to the prescribed dosages and schedules.
Stabilization and Rest
After providing initial first aid, keep the horse as calm and comfortable as possible. Isolate the injured horse from other horses to prevent stress and potential complications. Ensure the horse has access to clean water, and monitor it closely for any signs of distress or deterioration.
Timely Veterinary Consultation
Remember that first aid is not a substitute for professional veterinary care. It is crucial to contact your veterinarian promptly to assess the injury, determine the extent of treatment required, and provide further guidance. A vet can perform a comprehensive examination, administer additional treatments, and create a customized care plan for the injured horse.
By gaining proficiency in these basic first aid measures, horse owners can provide immediate care to their beloved equines while awaiting professional veterinary intervention. Understanding when and how to clean, disinfect, and bandage wounds, along with the safe administration of medications, empowers horse caretakers to be proactive in their horse's well-being during times of injury or distress.
Knowing When to Reach Out to Your Veterinarian: Prioritizing Your Horse's Well-Being
Effective horse wound management not only involves initial care but also recognizing when professional veterinary intervention is essential. Your horse's health and recovery may depend on the timely assistance of a veterinarian. Here are some key scenarios that warrant a call to your equine healthcare provider:
Excessive Bleeding: If your horse is experiencing excessive bleeding from a wound, it is a clear indication that immediate medical attention is needed. Severe bleeding can lead to complications and jeopardize your horse's well-being.
Large and Contaminated Wounds: For wounds that are extensive, particularly if they have become contaminated with dirt or foreign substances, it is advisable to consult with your veterinarian. They can administer prophylactic antibiotics to help prevent or manage potential infections.
Pus Accumulation: The presence of pus in a wound signals an active infection. This is a concerning sign that necessitates the expertise of a veterinarian to diagnose and treat the condition effectively.
Signs of Lameness: If your horse displays any signs of lameness following an injury, it may indicate damage to the musculoskeletal system or other complications. A veterinarian should conduct a thorough evaluation to determine the extent of the issue.
Puncture Wounds: Puncture wounds can be deceptive, as the entry point may appear minor while causing significant damage beneath the surface. Due to the risk of infections and internal complications, puncture wounds should be evaluated by a veterinarian.
Your equine veterinarian is not only equipped to perform a comprehensive physical examination but may also use local anesthesia to assess and treat wounds properly. Just as first aid is vital in human healthcare, it is equally crucial in equine care. Horse caretakers should invest time in learning basic first aid techniques and medications to effectively manage injuries and wounds, ensuring the best possible outcome for their cherished equine companions. Remember, the well-being of your horse is a collaborative effort between caretaker and veterinarian.
Continued Care and Red Light Therapy for Your Horse's Healing Journey
When your horse sustains an injury, your diligent care should extend beyond the initial treatment. Monitoring your horse in the days following the injury is crucial. Keep a watchful eye for any signs of increased inflammation, pus, or lameness. Timely recognition of these changes can guide you in making informed decisions for your horse's well-being. If you have any questions or concerns, always maintain a close partnership with your veterinarian, who can offer expert guidance throughout the recovery process.
Unlocking the Benefits of Red Light Therapy
Red Light Therapy, an innovative and non-invasive healing approach, can be a valuable addition to your horse's recovery plan. Here are some of the remarkable benefits this therapy provides:
Stimulates Vasodilation: Enhancing blood flow and circulation to the injured area.
Stimulates Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): Boosting energy production in cells, aiding in the healing process.
Stimulates Collagen Production: Supporting tissue repair and regeneration.
Stimulates Lymphatic Drainage: Assisting in the removal of waste and toxins.
Stimulation of Phagocytic Activity: Encouraging the body's immune response to eliminate foreign materials.
Stimulates Hormones: Promoting the release of serotonin for inflammation reduction and endorphins for pain relief.
Stimulates Formation of New Capillaries and Tissue Granulation: Fostering the creation of healthy new tissue.
Why Choose Poll to Pastern for Red Light Therapy:
Poll to Pastern offers red light therapy sessions and red light therapy pad rental kits, administered by certified practitioners. Opting for therapy sessions with experienced professionals ensures the best care during the initial healing phase. Our practitioners utilize red light pads and leverage acupressure points to maximize the therapy's benefits. This combination of red light and acupressure is often referred to as "photopuncture," using light instead of needles to stimulate acupressure points.
By embracing Red Light Therapy from Poll to Pastern, you can enhance your horse's healing journey with a holistic and science-backed approach. This synergistic method supports your horse's overall well-being, fosters rapid recovery, and ensures that your equine companion receives the highest standard of care during the healing process.
Empowering You with Red Light Therapy at Home
For your convenience and your horse's benefit, we provide red light therapy rental packages that allow you to bring the healing power of Red Light Therapy to the comfort of your own stable. With our user-friendly rental kits, you can use the red light pad 3-4 times a day to provide the cells the essential energy needed for accelerated wound healing. Renting the red light pad between therapy sessions offers several advantages:
Natural Pain Relief: Red light therapy has been shown to be effective in providing natural pain relief for your horse.
Boosted Cellular Energy: By supplying the cells with the energy they require, you can help expedite the healing process.
Inflammation Reduction: Red light therapy can assist the body in reducing inflammation, a key factor in the healing process.
By renting our red light therapy pad, you empower yourself as a caretaker to actively participate in your horse's healing journey, fostering their overall well-being and expediting their recovery.
Explore Our EquineGlow Wraps and AcuGlow Torches for Purchase:
In addition to offering red light therapy rental packages, we are pleased to provide you with the opportunity to acquire cutting-edge equine care equipment for your horse's well-being. Our range of EquineGlow wraps and AcuGlow torches is designed to enhance your horse's health and healing journey. Here's how these remarkable tools can benefit you and your equine companion:
EquineGlow Wraps
EquineGlow wraps are an excellent addition to your horse care toolkit. These specialized wraps incorporate red light therapy technology to target specific areas and provide soothing relief. They are designed for ease of use, allowing you to effectively manage localized injuries and promote the healing process.
AcuGlow Torches
The AcuGlow torch is a versatile and practical tool that combines acupressure and red light therapy. This innovative device enables you to target acupressure points with precision while harnessing the healing power of red light. The AcuGlow torch is a valuable resource for promoting well-being, pain relief, and accelerated healing.
By offering EquineGlow wraps and AcuGlow torches for purchase, we empower you to take an active role in your horse's health and healing. These advanced tools are designed to complement traditional and alternative equine care practices, ensuring your horse receives the best possible care throughout their journey to recovery and well-being.
Proactive Prevention: Safeguarding Your Horse's Well-Being
Preventing injuries is a crucial aspect of responsible horse care. By implementing effective preventive measures, horse owners can significantly reduce the risk of accidents and ensure their equine companions lead happy, healthy lives. Here are essential strategies and tips for minimizing the risk of injuries to horses:
Proper Stable and Pasture Management: Ensure safe and well-maintained stables and pastures. Remove any hazards, such as protruding nails, loose boards, or sharp objects that horses might encounter. Regularly inspect and repair fencing to prevent entrapment and escapes.
Safe Handling Techniques: Training and education in safe horse handling techniques are paramount. Ensure that everyone involved with the horse understands how to lead, groom, saddle, and bridle a horse correctly. Avoid sudden movements and loud noises, which can startle horses.
Protective Gear for Specific Activities: Depending on the activity, horses may require specific protective gear. For instance, while jumping or engaging in high-speed sports, horses benefit from leg protection like boots or wraps. Similarly, a well-fitted saddle and bridle are essential for riding safety.
Regular Health Checks: Schedule regular veterinary check-ups to monitor your horse's overall health and identify potential health issues early. Prompt treatment of underlying health problems can prevent injuries caused or exacerbated by discomfort or illness.
Appropriate Nutrition and Exercise: Ensure your horse maintains a healthy weight and fitness level. Proper nutrition and exercise contribute to strong bones and muscles, reducing the risk of injuries during activities and daily life.
Controlled Turnout and Socialization: Provide horses with ample turnout time for exercise and social interaction with other horses. However, ensure that the turnout area is safe, and monitor horse interactions to prevent injuries from kicks or aggressive behavior.
Proper Tack Fitting: Ensure that saddles, bridles, and other tack are correctly fitted to avoid discomfort and pain for the horse, which can lead to behavioral issues and potential injuries.
Supervision and Education: Always supervise interactions between horses and other animals, especially during introductions. Additionally, educate yourself and others about horse behavior to understand warning signs and prevent accidents.
By incorporating these preventive measures into your horse care routine, you can create a safer and more secure environment for your equine friend, reducing the risk of injuries and ensuring a happier and healthier life for your horse.
In Conclusion: Nurturing the Healing Journey of Your Equine Companion
In the world of horse ownership, a profound connection exists between caretakers and their equine friends. It's a relationship founded on trust, dedication, and an unwavering commitment to the well-being of these magnificent creatures. As we conclude this exploration of horse wound management and alternative healing methods, we find ourselves immersed in a world where compassion and science harmoniously converge.
When our horses face injuries, it's not just a physical challenge they endure, but a test of our resolve as caretakers. It's a reminder that, beyond the feedings, grooming, and riding, we must be prepared to provide comfort and healing when our equine companions need it most.
The journey of caring for an injured horse is a complex tapestry, interwoven with traditional and alternative methods. Whether you seek guidance from trusted veterinarians, harness the healing power of Red Light Therapy, or explore the realm of acupressure and herbal remedies, one truth remains constant: the well-being of your horse takes precedence.
We've discovered that horse wound management is a multi-faceted endeavor that encompasses initial care, continued vigilance, and a commitment to the journey of healing. It's about recognizing the signs, taking timely action, and seeking professional expertise when required. It's also about the importance of preventive measures, fostering a safe and supportive environment for your horse, and harnessing the potential of alternative healing approaches.
As caretakers of these remarkable creatures, we find fulfillment in watching our equine companions thrive, recover, and return to their spirited selves. It's a journey marked by patience, resilience, and the unwavering bond that unites us with our four-legged friends.
In the end, we hope this blog has served as a valuable resource for equine enthusiasts and caretakers alike. We encourage you to embrace the principles of compassionate care, ongoing education, and a proactive approach to horse wound management. Together, we ensure that our beloved equine companions enjoy the best possible care and embark on a journey of healing, well-being, and a life enriched by our enduring partnership.
#woundmanagement #horsecare #horsewound #horsevet #barnmanagement #equinehealth #equinebodywork #equestrian #horselife #redlighttherapy #polltopastern #horseriding #equine #horsewound #horsebackriding #horse #barnmanager #stablemanager #complementarycare
Commenti